More than two decades after that defining moment in my law enforcement career, an extensive background in statistical analysis developed over the course of my career and a life-long fascination with physics that culminated with a minor in that discipline has allowed me to devise the quantitative soft tissue penetration modeling presented in the following pages. Lacking that guidance during the selection process, I made a selection from the agency’s list of pre-approved non-issue ammunition and carried it faithfully in my off-duty pistol. After earning a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Ohio State University, I entered the profession of law enforcement and found myself shortly thereafter to be in need of technical guidance in the selection of off-duty ammunition from a relatively diverse list of approved ammunition. law enforcement agencies have policies that authorize their sworn law enforcement personnel to select and carry approved non-issue firearms and ammunition while off-duty or during assignments that require the use of non-issue firearms, very few provide technical guidance to their personnel during the process of ammunition selection. Representation of a single datum of experience." Goal of all theory is to make the irreducibleīasic elements as simple and as few as possible "It can scarcely be denied that the supreme My son, Walter, and my daughter, Genevieve Library of Congress Control Number: 2012909891įor my father, Bruce, my mother, Charline, Views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.Īny people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models,Īnd such images are being used for illustrative purposes only. The viewsĮxpressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the This book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. Graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or byĪny information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the authorĮxcept in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.īecause of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, The quantitative model is clearly presented with illustrated computational examples that provide guidance to the armed professional in every aspect of the model's application. Using data generated from water tests, the quantitative model accurately predicts the permanent wound cavity volume and mass, terminal penetration depth (+/- 1cm), and exit velocity of handgun projectiles as these phenomena would occur in calibrated 10 percent ordnance gelatin and soft tissue.Ī retired law enforcement professional, Schwartz provides a concise explanation of the relevant principles of mechanics, fluid dynamics, and thermodynamics pertaining to the model and its derivation. Based upon a modified fluid dynamics equation that correlates highly (r=+0.94) to more than 800 points of manufacturer- and laboratory-test data, the quantitative model allows the armed professional to generate ballistic test results equivalent to those obtained in calibrated 10 percent ordnance gelatin. In Quantitative Ammunition Selection, Charles Schwartz presents an accessible mathematical model that allows armed professionals and lawfully-armed citizens to evaluate the terminal ballistic performance of self-defense ammunition using water as a valid ballistic test medium.
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